Redaka II
Basic information
Sample name: Redaka II
Reference: P. Fernandez and J.-L. Guadelli. 2008. Etude préliminaire des grands mammifères du repaire d'hyènes de Redaka II (Bulgarie du nord ouest): paléontologie, paléoécologie et taphonomie. Quaternaire 19(1):43-68 [ER 3938]
Geography
Country: Bulgaria
Coordinate: 43.76° N, 22.47° E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Max Ma: 0.03817
Min Ma: 0.02537
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: coordinate based on the map of Guadelli et al. (2013: https://hal.science/hal-01178351/document), which places the cave very close to the town of Rakovitsa
there are radiocarbon dates of 38,170 +/0 490 BP for layer 4bc and 25,370 BP (no error given) for "the upper part of Layer 4" according to Guadelli et al. (2013)
there are radiocarbon dates of 38,170 +/0 490 BP for layer 4bc and 25,370 BP (no error given) for "the upper part of Layer 4" according to Guadelli et al. (2013)
Environment
Lithology: siltstone
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,cave
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: layer 4 is "un limon argileux brun, riche en cailloux calcaires (support matriciel localement clastique á structure fermée)"
interpreted as a hyaena den and a human occupation site
there are stone artefacts of middle Palaeolithic (specifically Levallois) and late Palaeolithic aspects, and also cutmarks, burnt bones, and impact marks
interpreted as a hyaena den and a human occupation site
there are stone artefacts of middle Palaeolithic (specifically Levallois) and late Palaeolithic aspects, and also cutmarks, burnt bones, and impact marks
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 96 specimens
Years: 2005, 2006
Sampling comments: no details on excavation methods are given
the material reported here was excavated in 2005 and 2006 according to Guadelli et al. (2013)
small vertebrates are not discussed
the material reported here was excavated in 2005 and 2006 according to Guadelli et al. (2013)
small vertebrates are not discussed
Metadata
Sample number: 4343
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-08-13 19:49:04
Modified: 2023-08-13 09:49:04
Abundance distribution
13 species
5 singletons
total count 96
geometric series index: 26.7
Fisher's α: 4.055
geometric series k: 0.7268
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7274
Shannon's H: 1.7898
Good's u: 0.9484
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Lynx pardinus spelaeus | 2 | 11 kg |
| "Lynx spelaea" | ||
| †Panthera spelaea | 1 | |
| †Crocuta spelaea | 8 | |
| "Crocuta crocuta spelaea" | ||
| Canis lupus | 6 | 43 kg carnivore |
| Vulpes vulpes | 46 | 5.3 kg carnivore-insectivore |
| †Ursus spelaeus | 1 | |
| plus two indeterminate carnivores | ||
| Cervus elaphus | 8 | 142 kg browser-grazer |
| †Megaloceros giganteus | 1 | |
| Capra sp. | 12 | |
| †Bison priscus | 2 | |
| plus 12 Bos or Bison | ||
| †Mammuthus cf. primigenius | 1 | |
| Equus ferus | 7 | 422 kg |
| "Equus caballus" | ||
| †Equus hydruntinus | 1 | grazer |